Fuel injection pump for internalcombustion engines



Dec. 21, 1954 Q C, BARBEENA 2,697,401

FUEL INJECTION PUMP FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed sept. 15, 1953 2 sheetssnerat 1 I 90 @a 90 96 9a a6 N 9'2 97l i2 94 94 2z 95 60 E* 76 -20 52 i 32,

a4 @Z 8s T34" /0 IH l i JNmvToR Or/cmdo C. 5er/'berend Dec 21, 1954 o. c. BARBERENA FUEL INJECTION PUMP FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Fil'd Sept. l5, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

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` the device,

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boss' stationarily Y mounted within the "housing, said boss having injection tion, be castor United States Patent :Dil

2,697,401 Patented Dec. 21, 195,4

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FUEL -INJECTIGN lPUMP FOR `INTERNL COMBUSTION ENGINES' One-important object of the presentinventionistoprovide a fuel injection pump including Va reciprocating vplunger that will control'the'metering' offuel` to a plurality of spaced outlets, insuccession, withthe inventionbein'g sofdesigned asto include a novelly arrangedm'ean's'for selectively Varying thev stroke of the'reciprocatngplunger.

Another'- object of importance f is to provide, in -a 'fuel injection pump as described, a"constructionwherein the plunger' will be disposedwithin the rotating'main' shaft of with said plunger rotating -witl'rthe'main shaft and being at the same time reciprocable rlativeto 'the main shaft, the main shaft havin'ga 'compression'chamber with which the inlet and outlet portsarelin-communiea tion, reciprocation of said plunger being'ad'apte'dto control the admission of fuel yto 4the compression chamber and being further adapted to'control'theforcing'offuel vvrom lthe compression chamber afterrcompressionof 'the nel.

Another object of importance is lto'incorpvorate, in 1a fuel injection pump as stated, a novel me'ansfor' effecting controlled'reciprocation of the plunger, vsaid means including a cross pin on thel plunger and 'a' stationaryseries spaced cam lteeth. :disposedlinthe path of saidcam"teethlbeingadapted to act upon the plunger to reciprocate the same )responsive to rotation of 4the plunger and its'associatedmain shaft.

Yet another object'is to'providean externallythreaded 'fuelV injectioni pump threaded engagement with an adjustingnutconnected to a sleeve member onwhich'the cam teeth are'provided, wherebyto adjust thev sleeve mem- -ber longitudinally of the plunger andrnain shaftresponsive fto 'rotary adjustment justment ofthe sleeve member .in'themannerreferred to 4being adapted to controllablyvary the reciprocatingmove- 'ments ofthe'plunger.

of the nut meansupon the boss,y ad- Other objects willappearfrom thefollowing description, the claims'appendedtheretand fromth'eannexed drawings, in which like" reference characters designatelike parts throughout the several views, and wherein:

Figure lisa longitudinal sectio'nal'view through afuel pump formed in accordance with thetuesenti'n.- plunger being Vshown in a rest position, in

online 2 2 of Figure '1; online 3 3 of Figure 1;

vention, the

'which thereis'no fuel injection;

Figure 2 is asectional view rFigure 3 is a sectional view and lFgure'fl is'an exploded'perspective view of the plunger andthe sleevemember.

The reference numeral '10 has beenapplied'in the several figures of-the drawing to asupport member, here shown 'asa ilat plate. The support member can comprise a structural, stationary part of an internal combustion engineinstallation, or of a'vehiclein-whieh aninternal combustion engine is mounted. In any event, Vthe support member '10 is apertured at selected locations, for extension'ofbolts '12 therethrough, said bolts beingthreadedly engaged in kcomplementarily'threadedrrecessesprovided in the outer surface of a block 14.

Block -1'4-can, in a commercial embodiment of? the invenotherwise shaped with any elongated recess, saidrecess being covered over by a transverselyy curved Yshell 16 ilangedy along:its opposite side'ed'ges, with the flanged edges of said shell beingconnected by screws 17 or-their equivalent, to correspondingly flanged` side'portionsnof the block'r14. The Lprovision of thevrecess and shell denes, inf the: structure, anfoil chamber 218 ini-which iscontainedV Va quantityl of oil 19I or other lubric-ant, lsaid i'lubricant being provided -inorder tolaIlow the moving parts of the vinvention .to work-in an oil bath. It willfbe iunderstood that 4in a commercial' embodiment of the structure, the device would be-provided--withlsuitable gask- `et means or'sealing rings, whereby to preventleakage` of lthe'oilyand itis thought thatfthe-loc-ation and particular form of said sealing means-iswell within thefskill'of those *working-in the art,-benee requiring no'special-illustration erein. Further,itis`to"be understood'thatfthe lubricant 19- can be deposited within the chamber 18 in any suitable #way, and ina commercial embodiment the device would 'obviously be providedwith suit-ablefiittings, through-which -said lubricant may beventered in selected quantity.

In the upper end portion .of the block v14, vvI form a longitudinal bore 20, said-borercommunicating between the chamber 18 and aicounterboreZZfopening upon the adjacent-end surface of theblock. A main shaft'24 has one end portion extendingwithin the bore 20, said end portion or shank=of themainshaftbeing designatedby the reference-numeral 26' and beingl encased withina bushing V28 lining the bore.20. Shank 126, within the counter- `bore `22, is enlarged'to provideafiat,l circular distributor head 30 the periphery of which is engaged snugly-against thesidewall of thevcounterbore.

Interposedbetween'the inner end wall of the-counterbore 22 and the underside of theI distributor head 30 is'a bearing 32, which minimizes frictional engagement -between the 'distributor-headand the'wall of the counter- `bore,.during rotation of the main shaft. Springs l34,' seated in circnmferentially spaced recesses providedintthe block `11i, are tensioned to exertI pressure against the bearing, thus to hold the bearing during operation of the Adeiice against the distributor head.

That end ofthe mainl shaft Z4' remote from the distributor head projects beyond the other end of the block,-and is provided with 'adrive 'gear 36. This is part of a main shaft drive linkage, not shown.

Within the kchamber '18, at that end ofthe structure disposed adjacent the flange 36, thereis integral'with the block an externally threaded boss 3S. The'threads provided upon the outer surface of said bosstcan be of any suitable type or pitch. Preferably, square .threads 'are used, for the purpose of effecting quick adjustment of a nut 40 circumposed about theboss '38. Nut 40has`internal threads complementing the threads ofithe bossl3'8, and accordingly, on rotary adjustment ofthe'nut 40, said nut will be shifted longitudinally of the mainy shaft, for the purpose of metering thefuel.

Rotary adjustment ofthe nut 40 can be effectedinany vsuitable manner, and for example, can be carried out through the medium of an operating arm or handle 41 integral with and extending radially from the nut 40 eX- teriorly of the fuel injection pump housing defined by shell 16 and block r14'. The operating arm 41 can be manually operated, or alternatively, can be connected by suitable linkage, notshown, to the governor means of the'internal combustion engine, whereby to effect rotary adjustments of the nut 40 responsive to changes in .engine speed.

In any event, regardless of the manner in'which'the operating arm 41 is swung to rotatably adjust-thennt "40 upon the boss 38,-said rotatable adjustment of theznut 40 will effect movement of a sleeve member 42 longitudinally of the main shaft 24. Sleeve member 42` is circuniposed about the nut 40, and is connectedto the nut-for'movement therewith longitudinally of the main shaft, by an annular key 43.

The sleeve member 42, at one end, is integrallyformed with a circumferential seriesof cams 42h-said cams being spaced ninety degrees apart throughout the circumference of the sleeve member. Thus, the cams are disposed in pairs, with the cams of each pair being diametrieally opposed, two pairs of cams being provided` upon the sleeve member. Rotary adjustment of nut 40 will, of course, effect adjustment of the series of cam teeth'longitudinally of the main shaft.

The number'of cams can be varied, and a different number of injections per single cycle can be obtained by changing the number of cams and thenumber of holes in a receiving discto be described hereinafter.

Forithepurpose ofpreventing `rotation of the -sleeve member 42, during rotary adjustment of nut 40, I provide an external, shallow, elongated, slightly helical groove 46 in the sleeve member, receiving the inner end of a set screw 48.

ln the shank 26 of the main shaft, an elongated, axial bore 50 is formed, and extending within said bore is a bushing 54 circumposed about a plunger 52 reciprocable within the main shaft. The bushing 54, at one end, is externally threaded as at 56, for engagement with complementary internal threads provided in the bore 50, thereby to hold the bushing 54 against movement relative to shank 26 of the main shaft.

Circumposed about the plunger 52 is a return spring 58, said spring 58 abutting at one end against one end of bushing 54, and abutting at its other end against a plunger head 60 integral or otherwise made rigid with the plunger 52. In the head 60 there is formed a transverse opening 62 (Figure 4) and fixedly opening 62 is the mid-length portion of a cross pin 64 the opposite ends of which are reduced for application of removable bushings 66 thereto. The ends of the cross pin are formed with threaded, axial sockets receiving the shanks of screws 68, said screws 68 serving to hold the bushings 66 in place upon the end portions of the cross pin. "lhe cross pin defines, so far as the plunger is coricerned, a radial arm on the plunger, and during use of the device, the series of cams 44 will be disposed in the path of rotary movement of said radial arm, thus to cause the plunger to be given reciprocating movement whenever the plunger is rotated with its associated main shaft, while the parts are in a full or intermediate injection position. The sleeve member 42 only causes longitudinal movement of the plunger while it rotates and never to the main shaft, which has only rotary motion. The plunger will, of course, rotate with the main shaft due to the fact that the plunger is provided with a cross pin that extends through the wall of the main shaft bore 50. The wall of the main shaft bore, in this connection, will be provided with diametrically opposed, longitudinal slots through which the end portions of the cross pin will extend, said slots being designated by the reference numeral 69 in Figure 3.

The slots 69 are so located as to engage the cross pin in one end of the slots, when the sleeve member 42 is adjusted to the rest pos1tion shown in Figure l.

For the purpose of fixedly engaging the cross pin within the head 60, a screw 70 is provided. Screw 70 is extended within an axial recess formed in the head 6),

the inner end of the screw being engaged in an aligned recess provided in the mid-length portion of the cross pin.

Communicating with the main shaft bore 50, adjacent that end of said bore 50 remote from the head 60 of the plunger, is a circumferential groove opening inwardly upon the bore 50 to define an annular cavity 72. The cavity 72 is desirable for the purpose of storing fuel momentarily, thereby to obtain a fast filling of a feed chamber 73. Feed chamber 73 is defined, as shown in Figure 1, by the bushing 54, and by the adjacent end surface of the plunger. Reciprocation of the plunger will, of course, vary the size of the feed chamber, thereby to effect the ejection of fuel from said chamber. Communicating between the chamber 73 and the cavity 72 are inlet ports 74. The inlet. ports 74 cari be provided in any desired number, and in the illustrated example of the invention, a circumferential series of inlet ports is utilized, the ports of said series being spaced equal distances apart about the cavity 72.

Opening into the cavity 72 is a fuel inlet passage 76, said passage 76 extending from a fuel inlet chamber 78 formed in the center portion of the distributor head 30. Chamber 78, at its inner end, is closed by a plug 80 threadedly engaged in the distributor head, the plug 80 forming an abutment for one end of a spring 82. Spring 82 is disposed within a fuel outlet chamber 83 formed in the distributor head, in which outlet chamber there is mounted an outlet check valve 84.' Outlet check valve 84 seats in a passage communicating between the feed chamber 73 and the fuel outlet chamber 83, spring 82 exerting pressure against the valve 84 tending to hold the same in a seated position.

Overlying the distributor head 30 is a cover plate or receiving disc 86. Centrally formed in the cover plate is a threaded opening, receiving the complementarily threaded outlet end of a fuel inlet line 88. Inlet line 88 is thus connected in communication with the vfuel inlet engaged in said chamber 78. Spaced circumferentially about the line 88 are fuel outlet lines 9U, each or' said lines 90 being threaded at its inlet end with the threaded portion of each line being engaged in a complementarily threaded recess 92 of the cover plate 86. ln the illustrated example of the invention, four lines 90 are utilized (Figure 2), the number of outlet lines corresponding to the number of cams 44.

ln communication with each recess 92 of the cover plate is an outlet passage 94, and formed in the distributor head 30 is a main outlet passage or conduit 9o'. 'l he conduit 95, at its inlet end, is in communication with the ruel outlet chamber 83, and it will be understood that upon rotation or the head 3U, the outlet end of the conduit 95 will be brought into communication with each 0I the outlet passages v4, in succession.

'lo hold the cover plate e6 in a stationary position upon the bloclt 14, a retaining ring 96 is utilized, said ring 96 having circumrerenlially spaced openings receiving connecting bolts yl, the bolts vl being threaded into aligned recesses rormed in the adjacent end suriace of the block 14. A hey 9a is interloeited with the ring 96' and cover plate a6 to hold these parts against relative movement.

ln use of the device, the main shart 24 will be rotated in any suitable manner, and as a result, the plunger will be rotated with the main shalt. As the plunger rotates, the ends orthe cross pin will be engaged by successively following cams 44, and said cams will, as a result, bias the plunger ln the direction of its length, thereby cooperating with spring :i6 in imparting reciprocating movement to the plunger. rlhecatiis 44, as will be understood, will shift the plunger in the direction of the feed cham- ,ber '13, thereby momentarily reducing the size of the feed chamber while simultaneously closing the inlet ports 74. 'lhe return spring als, atter the plunger has been given this initial slroxe, will give the plunger its return stroke, to shirt the plunger in a direction toward the cams, thus to locate the ends of the cross arm in position for camming engagement thereof by the next cam 44 disposed in its path.

Each time the plunger 52 shifts toward the sleeve member 42 and its associated cam 44, the inlet ports 74 will be opened, and fuel will move inwardly under low pressure through the line 88, chamber 78, inlet passage 76, cavity 72, and ports 74, into the feed chamber 73. Subsequently, on the upstroke of the plunger, ports 74 will be closed simultaneously with pressurizing of the fuel within the feed chamber 73. The fuel within the chamber 73 will thus be ejected, the ejected fuel passing through the outlet chamber 83 after shifting of the check valve 84 to an unseated position. The ejected fuel travels through the main outlet conduit or passage 95, to a prescribed outline line 90, under high pressure. On the next stroke of the plunger, the fuel will be ejected into the next following outlet line 90, and this functional arrangement will persist, through the full cycle of rotation of the main shaft and plunger.

What is claimed is:

1. A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines comprising: a housing; a main shaft rotatable therein; a plunger reciprocable in and rotatable with the main shaft, said plunger including a radially extending arm; a sleeve member mounted in the housing for movement longitudinally of the plunger, said sleeve member being disposed in concentric relation to the plunger and main shaft and including, at one of its ends, a circumferential series of equidistantly spaced cams, said cams being disposed in the path of said arm during rotation of the plunger and main shaft to impart successively following reciprocable movements to the plunger responsive to said rotation; an externally threaded boss within said housing apertured for extension of the main shaft therethrough, said boss being stationarily mounted within the housing; and internally threaded means connected to said sleeve member and engaged with said boss, for adjustment of the sleeve member longitudinally of the plunger responsive to rotation of said internally threaded means upon the boss, said adjustment of the sleeve member being adapted to vary the reciprocable movement of the plunger, the main shaft having a fuel feed chamber and having inlet and outlet ports communicating with said chamber, said plunger being disposed to open the inlet port on one stroke to admit fuel to the chamber, and to close the inlet port and force fuel from the chamber through the outlet port on its return stroke.

2. A fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines comprising: a housing; a main shaft rotatable therein; a plunger reciorocable in the main shaft, said plunger including a diametrically arranged cross pin, said plunger being rotatable with the main shaft; a sleeve member mounted in said housing for adjustment longitudinally of the plunger, and including a series of uniformly spaced cams arranged circumferentially thereabout, said cams being arranged in pairs with the cams of each pair being diametrically opposed for disposition in the path of the ends of said pin during rotation of the plunger and the main shaft, thus to act on said plunger in succession to impart successively following recnprocable movements to the same responsive to said rotation of the plunger and main shaft; nut means connected to the sleeve member; an externally threaded, stationary boss in the housing engaged threadedly with the nut means for effecting said longitudinal adjustments of the sleeve member responsive to rotary adjustment of the nut means; and an operating arm rigid with and projecting radially from the nut means for rotating the same, the main shaft having a fuel feed chamber and having inlet and outlet ports communicating with said chamber, said plunger being disposed to open the inlet port on one stroke ,to admit fuel to the chamber, and to close the inlet port and force fuel from the chamber through the outlet port, on its return stroke.

References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,491,795 Bartram Dec. 20, 1949 2,519,733 Beard Aug. 22, 1950 2,538,982 Roosa Ian. 23, 1951 2,544,561 Meyer Mar. 6, 1951 

